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Quality Management
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2019
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Interpreting the Healthy China Initiative: Centered on People's Health
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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 16 - Individual health is the foundation of one's life, and public health is the foundation of a nation.
The State Council recently issued the "Opinions on Implementing the Healthy China Action," and at the national level, the "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" was introduced, providing a new "blueprint" for further promoting the construction of a Healthy China. This medium- to long-term action focuses on current major health issues and influencing factors, centering around disease prevention and health promotion, and will carry out 15 major special actions, striving to reduce the incidence of illness among the public.
Starting from the front end, comprehensively intervening in health influencing factors - the special action puts the concept of "prevention first" into practice.
Starting from the front end of health influencing factors is a major highlight of the Healthy China Action. Experts from the National Health Commission pointed out that the Healthy China Action document takes a front-end approach throughout, focusing on the main health influencing factors and using health promotion methods to improve health levels.
Everyone is the primary responsible person for their own health, and a healthy body comes from a healthy lifestyle. According to a 2014 survey by the National Sports Administration on the status of national fitness activities, the proportion of urban and rural residents regularly participating in physical exercise is 33.9%, and lack of exercise has become a significant cause of various chronic diseases.
Promoting scientific physical activity and maintaining various health indicators is urgent. The Healthy China Action document proposes that by 2022 and 2030, the proportion of urban and rural residents meeting the National Physical Fitness Test Standards should reach no less than 90.86% and 92.17%, respectively.
How to achieve this goal? The Healthy China Action encourages engaging in moderate-intensity exercise at least three times a week, with each session lasting more than 30 minutes, or accumulating 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of high-intensity physical activity. In daily life, one should try to be more active, aiming for a daily physical activity volume of 6,000 to 10,000 steps.
How to ensure a positive and healthy mental state is also a topic of concern in today's society.
The Healthy China Action sets goals to improve residents' mental health literacy levels to 20% and 30% by 2022 and 2030, respectively; the upward trend in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression will be slowed.
The Healthy China Action proposes that government departments should pay attention to and carry out psychological crisis intervention and psychological assistance work. Health, legal, civil affairs, and other units should establish and improve a cooperative service model for psychological crisis intervention and psychological assistance, including mental health education, psychological hotline services, psychological assessment, psychological counseling, psychological treatment, and psychiatric treatment.
From popularizing health knowledge and promoting reasonable diets, to national fitness and smoking control, and then to mental health and promoting a healthy environment, various indicators are being continuously refined, and numerous benefits for people's livelihoods are about to be realized. The health promotion actions will significantly improve the health literacy level of the entire population over the next decade, and health science popularization will become more standardized and scientific.
Wang Longde, president of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, pointed out that these arrangements and suggestions organically combine scientific rigor and popularization, making them very systematic and detailed, so that the public can understand, remember, and implement them.
Not a single person should be left behind, health coverage throughout the life cycle - implementing "grid-style" protection for key populations such as the elderly and children.
"Little glasses" are estimated to exceed 100 million people, with the myopia rates among primary and secondary school students reaching 71.6% and 36%... The severe situation has led many experts to lament that the prevention and control of myopia among primary and secondary school students must be a "national war."
This Healthy China Action focuses on primary and secondary school students as one of the key populations, mobilizing families, schools, society, and the government to jointly safeguard their physical and mental health, forming a "grid-style" protection. The document proposes guiding students to develop healthy living habits from an early age, exercise for a healthy body, and prevent diseases such as myopia and obesity.
This health promotion action for primary and secondary schools clearly states the measures that individuals and families should take, such as ensuring that primary and secondary school students spend at least 1 hour outdoors in natural light each day, and limiting the use of electronic screen products for non-learning purposes to no more than 15 minutes at a time. Experts point out that this will greatly implement individual health responsibilities and create a strong synergy for health promotion.
Relevant officials from the National Health Commission pointed out that special actions targeting four key populations - women and infants, primary and secondary school students, workers, and the elderly - will be carried out, actively responding to the specific issues faced by these groups and conducting comprehensive interventions, which is also one of the highlights of this Healthy China Action.
At the same time, in the special actions for the four key populations, relevant measures have been proposed for disability prevention and rehabilitation services, as well as health promotion for key populations in impoverished areas, reflecting a firm commitment to health coverage throughout the life cycle, ensuring that "not a single person is left behind."
With the goal of significantly improving the health status of key populations, the medium- to long-term goals for 2022 and 2030 demonstrate determination and confidence:
—— Control the infant mortality rate at 7.5‰ and below, and 5‰ and below; reduce the maternal mortality rate to 18/100,000 and below, and 12/100,000 and below;
—— The excellent rate of meeting the national student physical health standards should reach 50% and above, and 60% and above, respectively; the overall myopia rate among children and adolescents nationwide aims to decrease by more than 0.5 percentage points each year, with a significant decline in the incidence of new myopia;
—— The proportion of new cases of pneumoconiosis reported among workers with less than 5 years of exposure to dust should show a significant decrease and continue to decline;
—— The incidence of disability among elderly people aged 65 to 74 should decrease, and the growth rate of dementia prevalence among those aged 65 and above should slow down.
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Fu Wei, director of the Health Development Research Center of the National Health Commission, pointed out that the health promotion actions throughout the life cycle for the four key populations reflect the concept of big health centered on people's health, and are a concrete practice of "integrating health into all policies, with people co-building and sharing."
Fighting against "health killers," preventing and controlling major diseases - focusing on key interventions for four major chronic diseases.
When it comes to "health killers," cardiovascular diseases and cancer should raise the most alarm.
Data shows that cardiovascular diseases are currently the leading cause of death among residents in China, with one person dying from cardiovascular diseases approximately every 10 seconds.
As a major dangerous condition among cardiovascular diseases, stroke is a significant cause of death and disability among adults in China, characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, high mortality rate, and high recurrence rate, making it particularly important to master the golden rescue window of 4 hours for emergency treatment.
The Healthy China Action points out that learning and mastering the correct self-rescue measures and emergency medical guidance in the early stages of cardiovascular diseases can help reduce mortality and disability rates.
"The number of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases is relatively high, and this document specifically emphasizes emergency rescue. In response to the common lack of emergency knowledge and insufficient emergency facilities, this Healthy China Action emphasizes citizen emergency knowledge training and the provision of emergency facilities in crowded places, which is a sign of social progress," experts say.
Cancer is a serious illness that people fear discussing. Currently, there are about 3.8 million new cancer cases and approximately 2.29 million deaths each year in our country, with both incidence and mortality rates showing an upward trend year by year.
Zero tariffs on anti-cancer drugs, medical insurance negotiations, expedited new drug approvals, inclusion in the essential drug list... In recent years, to make anti-cancer drugs affordable for patients, relevant national departments have implemented a series of price reduction measures for 'sky-high drugs' and continuously increased the reform efforts for policies related to anti-cancer drugs.
"Closely monitor cancer risk signals" and "universally conduct opportunistic cancer screening"... This health action plan for China provides recommendations on cancer prevention, early screening, early diagnosis and treatment, standardized treatment, rehabilitation, and dietary guidance.
With the continuous change in the disease spectrum among residents in our country, the health action plan for China clearly states that it will implement prevention and control actions targeting four major chronic diseases: cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. It will focus on key interventions for prominent issues in the prevention and control of major diseases and provide guidance to the public on self-health management, diet, exercise, and other lifestyle aspects.
If the "Healthy China 2030" planning outline proposes a path for co-construction and sharing, then this health action plan puts it into practice. Kong Lingzhi, vice president of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, pointed out that each action is developed from three aspects: individual, society, and government, involving various entities such as individuals, families, communities, schools, enterprises, medical and health institutions, and the government, forming a pattern of multi-party governance in society. (Xinhua reporters Chen Cong, Qu Ting, Wang Bingyang, Wen Jinghua)
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